Broumel v. Rayner

Yellott, J., delivered the opinion of the Court. The parties to this suit had bought a tract of land in Baltimore County, near the limits of Baltimore City, and had executed a deed of partition dividing this land between them. Wishing to improve the property thus divided, they ⁴⁹ entered into a contract, dated 9th of November, 1874, in which they covenanted and agreed that they would grade and pave certain streets named and particularly designated on a plat prepared for the purpose. These streets were to be graded and paved within specified and limited periods ; or, in other words, one was to be graded and paved within a year, another within two years, and others within larger spaces of time named in distinct and separate clauses of said contract.

The clause sued on contains a stipulation that the parties shall, within six years, grade and pave Lanvale street from Florence street to Jordan street. It seems that there was a tacit waiver of the stipulations in regard to the other streets named in the contract, as none of these streets were graded and paved, and there is no proof that as respects them either party ever demanded of the other a performance of the covenants contained in the contract. But, when the time, limited for the grading and paving of Lanvale street was about to expire, the appellee, who was plaintiff below, announced his readiness to comply with the obligations imposed upon him by the clause in the contract relating to this street, and required of the appellant performance of his part of said contract. The appellant refused to comply and the appellee then proceeded to grade and pave one-half of said street, the condition of which, as shown by the proof in this record, required such improvements to be made as speedily as possible.

Having done this much of the work the appellee instituted this action for the recovery of damages resulting from an alleged breach of the contract. The plaintiff sued in assumpsit, and the declaration, besides the money counts, contained two other counts specially setting forth the contract and alleging the breaches. These two counts were demurred to and the demurrer was overruled. The case was submitted to the Court for determination without the intervention of a jury.

After the introduction of evidence by both parties, the Court was asked to pass ⁵⁰ upon certain legal propositions presented in the shape of prayers for instructions. The Court rejected all the prayers offered, and filed its own opinion as a proper presentation of the legal principles applicable to the questions-in controversy. The verdict and judgment being for the plaintiff the defendant appealed. If the opinion of the Court is correct the instructions, asked for by the defendant were properly rejected, and there was no error committed in overruling the demurrer.

It is apparent that the Court was right in holding that the mutual waiver of antecedent stipulations did not impair the obligation of subsequent stipulations not waived, as there is nothing on the face of this contract which makes one stipulation a condition precedent to another. Whether a contract must be sued on as an entirety, or is divisible, and can become the foundation of separate suits for the infraction of independent stipulations depends on its terms ^ and in order to arrive at a correct construction due regard must be had to the intention of the contracting parties as revealed by the language which they have