Buchanan v. Mechanics' Loan & Savings Institution

Fowler, J., delivered the opinion of the Court. The appellant was a creditor of John C. Yessler, who was a member of the firm of J. C. Dayhoof & Company. Yessler held the promissory note of his firm for the sum of $2,000, payable to his own order one year after date. In the early part of March, 1894, Yessler endorsed this note before maturity to the appellant as collateral security for the payment of an indebtedness of $815, of which $500 was evidenced by a note of said Yessler for that amount, and the remainder consisted of an open account of $315 for cash loaned at various times.

Subsequent to the endorsement of the firm’s note of $2,000 by Yessler to the appellant the firm became insolvent, and receivers were appointed by the Circuit Court of Washington County to wind up its business. During the progress of the distribution of the firm’s assets the auditor of that Court filed account designated No. 1, in which the sum of $5,911.36 was distributed among the general creditors, among whom the appellant was numbered, the auditor having allowed him $719.83 on account of the $2,000 note as part payment of the indebtedness of $815. To this allowance the general creditors of the firm excepted. Their exceptions were sustained by the Court below, and hence this appeal.

The exceptions were based upon a variety of grounds, as appears by the record, but the only ones relied upon here and which we think necessary to consider are, first, that inasmuch as Yessler, the appellant’s endorser, was a member of the firm, and would not, therefore, be entitled himself to share in the distribution of the partnership assetsuntil the payment in full of all the partnership debts, his endorsee stands in no better position ; second, that the transfer of the $2,000 note was fraudulent, and third, that said note, having been passed to the appellant as collateral security for the payment of a pre-existing debt, was not therefore endorsed to him in the ordinary course of business, and that consequently he was not a bona fide holder for value without notice within the meaning of 1he settled rules regulating the transfer of commercial paper. ⁴³⁴ The first exception appears to be founded on the general rule, about which, of course, there can be now no difference of opinion, that a partner cannot share in the partnership assets until all the firm creditors have been paid in full. Whether this rule can properly have any application to this case depends altogether upon the legal effect of the endorsement by Yessler to the appellant. If that endorsement is to have its ordinary legal effect given to it by the well-settled rules applicable to the endorsement of commercial paper, the fact that the firm or its creditors had a good defence against the note in question while in the hands of Yessler, would not avail them as against the appellant. But if on the other hand such endorsement is to be considered merely as an assignment, or if the note itself can be held as constituting notice to the endorsee of existing equities, then the appellant would stand in the shoes of Yessler, and would not be entitled, as against the creditors of the firm, to share in the distribution of its assets.

What then is the legal significance of the endorsement ? This question is answered by Mr. Bates in his work on Partnership, section 884, where he says that while a partner cannot sue, yet the note in his hands is not void ; “but the difficulty is one attending the remedy rather than the right, and vanishes on endorsement to a third person for value.” The transfer, however, he says, must be bona fide and not colorable only. In support of this view he cites many authorities, some of which relate to transactions like the one before us, where the rights of an endorsee of a member of the firm of the firm’s paper are directly involved, and some of them involve only generally the rights of a bona fide endorsee for value. Thus in the case of Smyth v. Strader et al., 4 How. 404 , Stevenson, a member of the firm, drew two notes of the firm to his own order and endorsed them to Stroson & Campbell, of New Orleans, who in turn endorsed them to the plaintiff in that case.

Although these notes were fraudulent in fact because Stevenson endorsed them to the first endorsee to pay an individual claim, yet it was held by the Supreme ⁴³⁵ Court of the U. S., McLean, J., delivering the opinion, that while Stevenson could not recover because he was a partner, yet his bona fide endorsee could.