Dow v. L & R Properties, Inc.

SMITH, Judge. Appellants Antoinette Dow, a minor, and her mother, Annette McRae, resided in a rental property managed by appellee L & R Properties, Inc. (“L & R”). Appellants sued L & R ⁶⁹ after Dow allegedly suffered injuries from ingesting lead-based paint inside the home. 1 The Circuit Court for Baltimore City granted summary judgment in L & R’s favor on the ground that there was no evidence that any paint on the property contained lead. ISSUE In this appeal, appellants seek to revive their case against L & R. 2 They argue, in essence: The trial court erred in granting L & R’s motion for summary judgment, in that the record contains circumstantial evidence from which a trier of fact could infer the presence of lead-based paint.

We find merit in appellants’ argument. Therefore, we shall vacate the judgment of the trial court and remand the case to that court for further proceedings. FACTS Appellants’ complaint alleged that Dow was bom in December of 1986 and that she lived with McRae in an apartment at 1237 Myrtle Avenue, the property managed by L & R. It further alleged that the interior walls of the apartment were painted with lead-based paint that was chipping and flaking. According to the complaint, Dow ate chips of the lead-based paint and, in October of 1988, became “seriously, painfully and permanently injured, ill and [infirm] in head, body and limbs....” ⁷⁰ L & R moved for summary judgment.

It argued that, although appellants alleged in their complaint that lead-based paint on the premises caused injury to Dow, there was' “no evidence that lead based paint existed on the premises in question.” In a memorandum filed in support of its motion, L & R asserted: The Plaintiffs have identified no expert to testify that lead paint existed on the premises----No expert was identified to testify regarding any lead inspection or testing of the premises.... Defendant L & R requested in its Request for Production of Documents “Any and all correspondence or other documents received from any agency of the City of Baltimore or the State of Maryland concerning the existence of lead paint on the premises, i.e., 1237 Myrtle Avenue.” ... The Plaintiffs responded “None at this time.” ... Further, although the Plaintiffs obtained an Order of this Court, permitting entry upon the premises for the purpose of testing for the presence of lead based paint, ... the Plaintiffs never conducted the testing.

Without any evidence that the paint within the premises contained lead, the Plaintiffs are unable, as a matter of law, to meet even a prima facie burden on the issue of causation. Appellants responded to L & R’s motion for summary judgment by asserting, and presenting evidence, that the property “has been in existence since at least 1935,” and by arguing that there is a statutorily-created evidentiary presumption that “pre 1950 housing contains lead paint.” 3 Appellants attached to their response, inter alia, their answers to interrogatories propounded by L & R. Appellants asserted in their answers to interrogatories that: they lived at 1237 Myrtle Avenue from February of 1987 until November of 1991; the property contained chipping and peeling lead-based paint that continued to deteriorate throughout the tenancy; appellant McRae and her sister “would call [the] office of L & ⁷¹ R Properties, to complain about the deteriorated and chipping paint,” and “these complaints were made months before [McRae] ever learned that Antoinette Dow had lead poisoning”; and Dow spent “the majority of her time” in the apartment, “had a habit of placing her hands [and] fingers in her mouth,” and “would often play at or near areas of chipping and peeling paint....” L & R filed a reply memorandum to appellants’ response to the motion, by which it disputed that there is an evidentiary presumption that houses built prior to 1950 contain lead-based paint. It again asserted that it was entitled to summary judgment as a matter of law. Appellants then filed a reply to the reply.

They asserted that, even if no presumption exists, there was sufficient circumstantial evidence that the paint contained lead to defeat the motion. A hearing was held on the motion, and the trial court granted summary judgment in L & R’s favor on the ground that there was no evidence that the apartment contained lead-based paint. The court subsequently granted appellants’ motion to alter or amend judgment, however, and scheduled a second hearing on the motion for summary judgment. The second hearing was held before a different judge.

This time, the court denied the motion for summary judgment. L & R moved for reconsideration, and appellants filed a response to the motion for reconsideration, to which they attached an affidavit signed by McRae. In her affidavit, McRae asserted, inter alia: Antoinette Dow resided at the premises 1237 Myrtle Avenue, 2nd floor[,] from the time she was two months old in February of 1987 through November of 1991 when Antoinette was almost five years old. Antoinette Dow did not reside at any other residences during this period of time.

Antoinette Dow did not visit or spend overnights at any other residences during this period of time. McRae stated in the affidavit that, during this time, she “often observed Antoinette Dow with white chips of paint on her lips, inside her mouth and on the tips of her fingers. These paint ⁷² chips came from the windowsills, woodwork, walls and doors of our 2nd floor apartment.... ” She added: Antoinette Dow has no contact with old battery casings, lead figures, naval paint, bullets, fishing weights, ceramic pottery, folk medicine or any other source of lead to my knowledge during the time she had elevated blood lead levels. She did not live near a processing plant and never played in any dirt outside of our home during this time.

The court granted the motion for reconsideration and held yet another hearing on the motion for summary judgment. At the close of the hearing, the court entered summary judgment in L & R’s favor. The court explained: “The question before this Court ... is whether there is evidence on the record before the Court of lead-based paint on the subject property.” It observed: “The property was not, has never been tested for lead-based paint. There has never been, at least based on the record before this Court, a violation notice addressing the issue of lead-based paint on the property.” The court concluded by stating: “The court believes, based on the record before it, that it would be improper to submit this question to a finder of fact[,] to a jury.

The Court believes that it would be pure speculation without having any evidence of lead-based paint on the property.” STANDARD OF REVIEW A trial court “shall enter [summary] judgment in favor of or against the moving party if the motion and response show that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and that the party in whose favor judgment is entered is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Md. Rule 2-501(e). In reviewing a grant of summary judgment, this Court is “concerned with whether a dispute of material fact exists.... ‘A material fact is a fact the resolution of which will somehow affect the outcome of the case.’ ” Jones v. Mid Atlantic Funding Co., 362 Md. 661, 675 , 766 A.2d 617, 624 (2001) (citations omitted). “The function of a summary judgment proceeding is not to try the case or to attempt to resolve factual issues, but ⁷³ to determine whether there is a dispute as to a material fact sufficient to provide an issue to be tried.” Berkey v. Delia, 287 Md. 302, 304 , 413 A.2d 170, 171 (1980). Significantly, “[a]ll inferences must be resolved against the moving party when a determination is made as to whether a factual dispute exists.” Id. at 304-05 , 413 A.2d at 171 . On a motion for summary judgment, the evidence, including all inferences therefrom, is viewed in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party....

If the facts presented to the trial court on a motion for summary judgment are susceptible to more than one inference, the inference must be drawn in the light most favorable to the person against whom the motion is made, and in the light least favorable to the movant. Jones, 362 Md. at 676 , 766 A.2d at 625 (citations omitted). DISCUSSION As we have explained, in moving for summary judgment L & R asserted that there was no evidence of lead-based paint at 1237 Myrtle Avenue. L & R thus implicitly argued that any alleged dispute as to the existence of lead-based paint was not genuine.

L & R reasoned that, without evidence that would generate a genuine dispute as to whether the peeling and chipping paint at 1237 contained lead, appellants could not establish that Dow’s ingestion of paint chips at the home caused her alleged injuries. From this, L & R concluded that it was entitled to summary judgment as a matter of law. L & R advanced no other ground for summary judgment. Appellants concede that there was no direct evidence of lead-based paint at 1237 Myrtle Avenue.

They contend, however, that an evidentiary