Du Puy v. Transportation & Terminal Co.

McSherry, J., delivered the opinion of the Court. The record in this case is quite voluminous, the transac ⁴²⁶ tions which it unfolds are numerous, and the fraud which it exposes, is both bold and unblushing. The bill which opened the pending controversy was filed by stockholders of “ The Transportation and Terminal Company of Baltimore City,” in behalf of themselves and others who might join them, against that company and other corporations and individuals, who were made co-defendants ; and its object is to secure the appointment of a receiver, who shall be clothed with authority to institute appropriate proceedings to rip up the unlawful and fraudulent acts complained of, and to recover back the property which the officers of the Transportation and Terminal Company disposed of without warrant or color of law. With respect to the legal principles applicable to such a case, there can be no dispute.

A stockholder, though owning but a single share, may invoke and set in motion the plenary and far-reaching powers of a Court of Equity to investigate, strike down and strip of its covering any act of the corporation to which he belongs, when that act is tainted with fraud, or is ultra vires or illegal. This jurisdiction is one of the most salutary and conservative possessed by a Court of Equity, and neither the adroitness of the imputed fraud, nor the skill that seeks to hide the illegality of the impeached transaction will thwart the exercise of the Court’s coercive and remedial authority. Mere internal dissensions among stockholders, or mere differences or disputes as to corporate management, so long as the officers or stockholders do no act that is fraudulent, illegal or ultra vires, will not warrant the intervention of a Court of Chancery; because in the absence of fraud, illegality or conduct that is ultia vires, the will of the majority is entitled to control the policy and the business of the body corporate. Shaw v. Davis et al., 78 Md. 308 ; Gamble v. Water Co., 123 N. Y. 91 .

The Transportation and Terminal Company of Baltimore City was incorporated under the general laws, on December the thirteenth, eighteen hundred and eighty-eight. Its ⁴²⁷ authorized capital stock was fifteen millions of dollars. On the very day the certificate of incorporation was signed, the five incorporators named in the certificate met, and each subscribed for one share of the capital stock, and thereupon proceeded to effect an organization. The corporation was designed to be a pooling company, gathering together the stock and property of several other corporations, both existing and projected, and conducting and operating their distinct enterprises under one central management.

The chief promoter of the scheme was one John Henry Miller, and on the very day the company was chartered and formally organized, this same Mr. Miller submitted in writing a proposal to subscribe for fifteen thousand shares of preferred stock to be paid for in the following named property, viz., two thousand one hundred shares of the capital stock of the Maryland Central Railway Company; four thousand two hundred shares of the York and Peach Bottom Railway Company, and four thousand shares of the Deer Creek and Susquehanna Railroad Company. On the same day Miller subscribed for eighty thousand shares of the common stock to be paid for in certain property situated on North avenue and Oak street, in Baltimore City; and on August the first, 1889, he again subscribed for sixty-nine thousand shares more of the common stock to be paid for with other lots or parcels of land situated in Baltimore, and by a transfer of twenty-two thousand five hundred shares of the capital stock of the Maryland Central Railway Company, and nineteen thousand nine hundred and fifty shares of the capital stock of the Penn Anthracite Coal Company. These two subscription agreements entitled Miller to the whole issue of the preferred stock and to one hundred and forty-nine thousand out of the total one hundred and fifty thousand shares of the common, stock of the Transportation and Terminal Company. Twelve thousand eight hundred shares of the common stock were delivered to him or to his order.

Without pausing at this point to refer to other details and transactions, we come to the period when ⁴²⁸ Miller began operations to induce the plaintiffs to subscribe for the preferred and the common stock of the concern. A prospectus was prepared and a copy of it was forwarded by Miller on January the thirty-first, 1890, to Gustav Lindenthal, who had been connected with the enterprise as civil engineer, and who had had frequent interviews with both Miller and Gilmor, the president, respecting the disposition of the company’s stock. This prospectus was sent by Miller in a letter where he says, “ I also enclose a statement of the affairs of the Transportation and Terminal Company of Baltimore City. I need not repeat to you how desirable for the purpose mentioned in our late conversation it is to secure from fifty thousand to one hundred thousand dollars, and your kind offices in this direction will be very highly appreciated by several of our best friends.” The statement or prospectus thus enclosed was intended to be shown to Mr. Du Puy, a friend of Lindenthal, and a person who had been solicited to purchase from the company some of its preferred stock.

This prospectus set forth, first, the names of the directors of the Transportation and Terminal Company as follows: John Gill, President Mercantile Trust and Deposit Company, Baltimore, Md.; James Sloan, Jr., President Farmers and Merchants’ National Bank, Baltimore, Md.; George S. Brown, of Alexander Brown & Sons, Baltimore; J. Swan Frick, attorney at law, Baltimore, Md.; William Gilmor President Maryland Central Railway Company, Baltimore, Md.;. Samuel Rea, Vice-President Maryland Central Railway Company, Baltimore, Md.; George M. Jewett, President Deer Creek and Susquehanna Railroad Company, Glennville, Md.; T. M. Logan, New York City, Samuel Thomas, New York City.” William Gilmor, president; John H. Bryant, vice-president; J. G. Case, secretary. Secondly, a statement that “ the company was chartered under the laws of Maryland, in December, 1888, and owns the following property : 27,000 shares, $ 100 par value, Maryland Central Railway Company, the authorized capital of which is 30,000 ⁴²⁹ shares; 4,000 shares, $50 par value, Deer Creek-and Susquehanna Railroad Company, being two-thirds of the stock issued; 19,500 shares, $100 par value, of the stock of the Penn Anthracite Coal Co.; 1,500 shares, $100 par value, of the Maryland Construction Company of Baltimore City; extensive railroad terminal properties and buildings at North avenue, Baltimore.” It then gave a statement of the company’s annual income, which it represented to be one million two hundred and ninety thousand dollars. This was followed by representations which we transcribe in full, as follows: “ The Penn Anthracite Coal Company owns 2,700 acres of the best character of anthracite coals, situated in a body at Mt.

Carmel, in Northumberland and Columbia Counties, Pennsylvania. The contracts between this company and a mining company, guarantee the payments of royalties which will annually net a minimum of $150,000 and may be double that amount. “ The contracts between the mining company and the Terminal Company for the marketing of coal guarantee, also, a minimum profit of $250,000. “ Through the' operations of the Baltimore Belt Railroad Company the Terminal Company’s properties at North avenue will produce a minimum rental of $100,000 from their use by the Baltimore and Ohio, the Maryland Central and other railroad companies using the Belt Railroad. “ Through the operations of the Maryland Construction Company, 60% of the stock of which is owned by the Terminal Company, $1,500,000 of the first preferred stock of the Baltimore Belt Railroad Company becomes the. property of the Terminal Company; this stock is a 6 % dividend payer, the income to provide which is guaranteed by the contracts between the Baltimore Belt Railroad Company, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company and the Maryland Central Railway Company. “ The Belt Railroad Company’s preferred stock alone provides for the 6% “guaranteed” dividend on the preferred ⁴³⁰ stock, issu.e of the Terminal Company, which issue, limited to 15,000 shares ($xoo par), with its 6% perpetual, accumulative annual dividends, is secui'ed under the Maryland laws as a first mortgage lien on all the company’s assets now and hereafter acquired, thereby making this stock an investment security. “ The ‘ Maryland Construction Company,’ being the contractor for the building and completion of the ‘ Belt ’ Railroad, expects a cash profit therefrom, sixty per centum of which the Terminal Company receives, this being estimated as sufficient to pay dividends on the first preferred stock during the construction of the ‘ Belt Line ;’ but the royalties from the mining of the coal on the Penn Anthracite Coal Company’s property commence immediately, these alone being sufficient to provide for the first preferred stock interest.” On February the sixth, 1890, William Gilmor wrote in his official capacity as president of the Transportation and Terminal Company to Lindenthal, a letter from which the following extracts are taken: “ Dear Mr. Lindenthal: In the present additional allotment of our syndicate affairs, your proportion would be one thousand (1,000) shares of preferred stock, $100,000 par value, and one thousand (1,000) shares of common stock, on the same terms to the promoters as before, $75,000 for the block as above, with the pifivilege, at the expiration of one year from date, to return the preferred stock and receive therefor the $75,000, with interest. The 1,000 shares of common stock remaining in your hands as the profit on your ..share in the syndicate, the par value whereof is $100,000. “ If you are, perhaps, not able now to take the entire block, you are at liberty to have some friend, acceptable to us, join you. Kindly advise me as to your decision at the earliest date. “ As our Belt Line contracts with the B. & O. have been approved and the passage of the city ordinance is assured, ⁴³¹ we must proceed promptly to complete the purchase of the right of way and station properties. “ You are aware the Belt bonds have been placed with the ‘ Browns. ’ Thus we are in good shape now for future operations, and should lose no time in carrying forward our part of the project.” Relying with implicit confidence on the truth of the representations made in the prospectus, and trusting to the assurances given by Gilmor in the above letter of February the sixth, Mr. Du Puy agreed to purchase from the Transportation and Terminal Company eight hundred shares of preferred stock and 800 shares of common stock, for which he delivered to Lindenthal two checks, each for thirty thousand dollars, and each bearing date February the twentieth.

Seven days later two receipts, each one acknowledging the receipt of thirty thousand dollars in payment for four hundred shares of preferred stock and four hundred shares of common stock, were signed by Gilmor, as president, and in each receipt it was stipulated that “ the holder of said stock shall have the privilege to return after one year from date the said 400 shares of said first preferred stock, and to receive therefor from the said company thirty thousand ($30,000) dollars and six per cent, interest, after deducting the amount of dividends paid by the company on said shares, and to retain the 400 shares of common stock of said company.” Not one cent of this sixty thousand dollars was paid to the Transportation and Terminal Company or ever went into its treasury. One check passed into the possession of Gilmor, and was deposited to his' individual credit. After he had deducted ten thousand dollars to pay himself a debt due to him by Miller, he gave his own checks to Miller for the residue. The other thirty thousand dollar check was turned over by Miller to Samuel Rea, who, after paying himself four thousand dollars for four months salary as vice-president of the Maryland Central Railway Company, and after paying something over ten thousand dollars to a contractor for work on the Maryland ⁴³² Central Railway, turned the balance over to Miller.

This disposition of the money was unknown to Du Puy. It is simply impossible to read these letters and receipts to which we have referred, without giving credence to that part of the testimony of Lindenthal and Du Puy wherein they both unequivocally assert that they never imagined the stock purchased with the proceeds of the two thirty thousand dollar checks was the property of Miller. They both unquestionably believed the representations made to Lindenthal, that the stock belonged to the Transportation and Terminal Company, and was being sold for its uses and benefit, and especially for the purchase of terminal facilities in Baltimore. The pretext that Mr. Gilmor signed by inadvertence the receipts in his official capacity instead of individually, finds no support outside of his own declaration, and that declaration is neutralized by his letter of February the sixth, wherein he made in almost the identical language used in the receipts, the statement with respect to the repurchase by the company of the preferred stock at the end of one year.

Besides, it is not perceived what Gilmor could possibly have had to do with signing any receipts for this sixty thousand dollars, if the parties to the transaction understood that Du Puy was purchasing stock that actually belonged to Miller. And to clinch the matter Miller, himself, as late as. August the twenty-eighth, 1890, wrote to Lindenthal that he, Miller, would take and pay for the preferred stock referred to in the letter of William Gilmor, president, dated February the sixth, “ if the Transportation and Terminal Company shall refuse or neglect to comply with their engagements in the premises.” Whether a deliberate scheme to deceive and to entrap the credulous and unsuspecting had been devised by Miller .upon a large and imposing scale, and had, either actively or through culpable inattention or inexcusable indifference to consequences, been furthered or aided by others connected with the Transportation and Terminal Company, it is not material to inquire; but that such a scheme was ulti ⁴³³ mately developed, is too obvious to admit of discussion. The prospectus prepared by Miller, the active and reckless promoter and founder of the enterprise, was false in almost every particular.

Of the five prominent and widely known business men named as directors of the Transportation and Terminal Company not one occupied that position, and out of the whole list of seven none but Gilmor and Rea were in fact connected with the undertaking. The Transportation and Terminal Company did not own twenty-seven thousand shares of the Maryland Central Railway Company’s stock ; nor fifteen hundred shares of the Maryland Construction Company’s stock ; nor an interest in the Belt Railroad Company, though the prospectus flatly alleged that the Transportation and Terminal Company “ owns ” those shares. And the statement that one million five hundred thousand dollars of the first preferred stock of the Baltimore Belt Railroad Company became the property of the Terminal Company, and that the Belt Railroad Company’s preferred stock alone provides for the six per cent. “ guaranteed ” dividend on the preferred stock issue of the Terminal Company was without the semblance or shadow of truth. ■ The “ six per cent, perpetual, accumulative, annual dividend * * * * secured under the Maryland laws as a first mortgage lien on all the company’s assets now and hereafter acquired,” was a pure fabrication devoid of the faintest prospect or the remotest possibility of a realization. The stock ledger of the Terminal Company shows that seven thousand five hundred shares of preferred stock were disposed of to sundry individuals, but the record does not •disclose the amount received therefor. • If the sales were made at the same figures charged Du Puy, nearly half a million of dollars were realized; and if realized doubtless went into the pockets of the enterprising and speculative promoters.

Having secured all the money that was obtainable, Miller and the Terminal Company’s officers turned their attention to the project of dismantling the company of whatever assets it had and of then winding it up. This ⁴³⁴ feature of the case is most astounding. In the vigorous language of one of the distinguished counsel for the appellants,." it dignifies these transactions to call them frauds.” One of the avowed objects of the pooling company was by acquiring the majority of the stock of the Penn Anthracite Coal Company to control the latter’s shipments and business. The construction of the Deer Creek and Susquehanna Railroad to the coal fields of Pennsylvania was a part of the general plan, and the evidence indicates that those coal fields gave promise of being the most valuable assets of the concern.

Now, Miller by his subscription contract of August the first, 1889, had agreed to place in the Terminal Company a controlling interest in the stock of this coal company, and to that extent to give a tangible value to the shares of preferred stock. But when the scheme of dismantling began, the very first step taken by the directors of the Terminal Company at the instance of Gilmor and upon the request of Miller, was to cancel this subscription on August the sixteenth, 1890, just six months after Du Puy had paid his .sixty thousand dollars of actual cash. Miller was thus relieved from his obligation to assign the Penn Anthracite Coal Company’s stock to the Terminal Company, and the only consideration for this action was Miller’s forbearing to take sixty-six thousand five hundred shares of the common stock which he had previously agreed to take. As by this arrangement one of the chief sources from which there was ever any prospect of value accruing to the pool company’s stock was deliberately cut off, the objects of the company became, as was claimed, materially changed.

Accordingly, on November the eighth, 1890, the president, William Gilmor, made to the board of directors the following statement: “ I have had considerable .talk with the parties interested in the affairs of this company, and it seems desirable, as the purposes for which the company was originally formed have been in some respects materially changed, that we had better take some action and appoint a committee to discuss with stockholders and parties interested, some ⁴³⁵ plan of winding up the affairs of the company.” A committee of three, including the president, was thereupon appointed “ to confer with parties in interest, and counsel, as to the advisability of adjusting, settling and winding up the affairs of this company.” On the fourth of December the committee reported that “ in order to settle and adjust the indebtedness of this company, as well as to properly relieve it from its obligations, we deem it advisable for this company to make, execute and deliver a deed of trust to some suitable trustee.” It was then resolved “ that the affairs of the Transportation and Terminal Company of Baltimore City be wound up, and the assets and property of said corporation be sold and disposed of and the proceeds distributed according to law to those entitled thereto, and a deed executed for these purposes, with the necessary legal formalities, unto Winfield J. Taylor, as trustee.” On the same-day, December the fourth, the Terminal Company executed a formal deed of trust. On the very next day Taylor, who,, in a report filed in Circuit Court No. 2, on December the fifth, stated under oath that he had been appointed w to wind up the affairs of this corporation,” entered into an agreement in writing with Miller wherein it was stipulated, subject to ratification by the Court, that Taylor as trustee of the Terminal Company would deliver and quit-claim to Miller the two thousand one hundred shares of the Maryland Central Railway Company’s stock and the four thousand shares of the Deer Creek and Susquehanna Railroad Company’s shares, and release him from any and all further payments of money, stocks, bonds, securities or property whatsover on account of his, Miller’s subscription to the Terminal Company’s stock, provided Miller would, in consideration of such delivery, quitclaim and release, assign to Taylor, the trustee, eleven thousand shares of the preferred stock of the Terminal and would relinquish his claim to any further shares of common stock beyond the twenty thousand shares heretofore agreed to be issued to him. In his report to the Court on the sixth of December, the trustee stated that this arrangement had the ⁴³⁶ approval of a majority in value of the creditors of the Terminal Company and a majority of its stockholders. In a moment we shall see who the creditors were.

The stockholders, other than the preferred ones, were Miller and the directors — the latter holding but a few shares. Upon the representations made in this ex parte report, Circuit Court No. 2 ratified the agreement between Miller and Taylor, and as a consequence Miller was released from his obligation to deliver to the Terminal Company the shares of stock of the Maryland Central Railway and of the Deer Creek and Susquehanna Railroad, which he had bound himself to deliver, and the Transportation Company ,got in exchange nothing but its own preferred stock, which had been diminished in value to the precise extent that the surrendered shares in these other companies had any appreciable worth. This was a step in the declared scheme to wind up the -affairs of the company in the interest of the parties who had selected the trustee; but it was not a step that would ever have been taken had the design of the directors and their trustee been to realize whatever the assets would fairly bring and then in good faith distribute them to the creditors, if any they were. This proceeding was unlawful, but indefensible as it is, it is by no means as reprehensible as the acts to which we are now about to allude.

Whilst it is perfectly well settled that a corporation in failing circumstances may make an assignment for the benefit of its creditors, State v. Bank of Md., 6 G. & J. 205 ; Merrick v. Bank, 8 Gill, 59 ; yet this is quite different from an attempt to wind up and dissolve a corporation and to destroy its existence under the pretext of merely paying its creditors. It is the object of an act that determines its character. Iff then, the objecfiof the directors of the Terminal Company was, as stated by them in the resolution which they passed ■on December the fourth, to wind up the affairs of the company, their proceeding was illegal; because the mode pointed out by the statutes to effect that end was not pursued and no other one could be substituted. The Code, Art. 23, ⁴³⁷ sec. 264 et seq. prescribes in detail the method to be followed in the formal winding up of a corporation.

It is only-necessary to say that in this instance the method therein provided was not observed, either in form or substance. If, then, the design was in fact to wind up the concern, the attempt was abortive and illegal. If, on the other hand, the design was, under the cloak of a deed of trust, to accomplish the same end, then also was the proceeding illegal; because, no matter what the form of the proceeding if the ultimate and ulterior purpose were forbidden to be accomplished in that particular way, the means employed to bring about the unlawful result would, in consequence of the unlawfulness of the result, themselves be unlawful. But if, passing by the declared intent of the deed as evidenced by the resolution we have quoted, we concede that the deed was in fact and was designed to be a deed of trust such as a corporation in failing circumstances may lawfully make, its validity, like the validity of every other deed of the same character must depend on the good faith of both the grantor and the trustee.

If the deed does not in terms hinder or delay creditors, then it is valid whatever may have been intent of the grantor, unless the trustee becomes implicated in the fraud. It is only where the trustee does become implicated in the grantor’s fraud that a deed regular on its face can be made to hinder and delay creditors; and in such a case the deed is void. Ferrall v. Farnen, 67 Md. 76 . We come then to inquire whether the trustee was involved in and connected with the fraud which . incontestibjy influenced, under the dominion of Miller, the officers of the Terminal Company in making the deed of •trust.

Such an inquiry is, to some extent, of a metaphysical character, because it involves an investigation into an undisclosed and deliberately concealed mental design. A fraudulent intent unexecuted is a mere mental concept. It is intangible. When executed it is generally not susceptible of proof otherwise than as extrinsic, visible acts which owe ⁴³⁸ their origin to it, indicate its antecedent or coincident existence.

You cannot look into and see the hidden processes of the intellect; but as no rational creature does a deliberate act without some motive or design, you may, through the act when done and through all its attendant surroundings, deduce or discover the intent with which it was performed. In no other way can the motives of human conduct be fathomed or exposed, unless at the moment an act is done its purpose is truthfully declared by the actor himself. No power can act without an object as to the terms of its action, and as a cause that must specify that action; for all acts are specified, determined by their object. Even the will cannot elicit an act of free choice which concerns no object at all.

Hence the act of an intelligent agent that concerns no formal object at all is inconceivable — it is nothing. Necessarily, then, an act which has been done by an intelligent agent had an object when it was done and that object must be traced back, to be discovered, through the act itself and through the surroundings which co-ordinate with it. Now, we have seen from their own recorded declarations what the design of the officers and directors of the Terminal Company was. Did Taylor participate therein ?

He was conferred with about the execution of the deed of trust and was evidently familiar with the condition of the company’s affairs. On the very day that the resolution was passed authorizing the winding up of the company the deed of trust to Taylor was executed. It was filed for record the following morning and thereupon the petition herein-before alluded to praying for permission to return to Miller the stock, already described, was filed by Taylor and was acted on at his instance by the Court. This haste showed, considerable familiarity on the part of Taylor with the subject and indicates a preconcerted arrangement between him and Miller, who obviously controlled the directors, to strip the company of much of its apparent assets.

After the completion of this transaction no steps appear to have been taken by the trustee until the seventh day of - February, ⁴³⁹ 1891. On that day Taylor filed a report of sales, wherein he reported that he had sold at private sale the lots of ground conveyed by Miller to the Terminal Company in payment for stock as stated in a former part of this opinion; and that Thomas H. Blick was the purchaser for the total sum of one hundred and twenty-one thousand, twelve dollars and thirty-three cents. The report declared that the purchaser, Blick, will pay “ in money the sum of thirty-five thousand, twelve dollars and thirty-three cents, in three payments ***** he will assume from date and pay the liens now existing upon the property,” and the liens are then set forth and described. Now, the truth is that Blick, who was only a clerk in the office of William Gilmor, President of the Baltimore and Lehigh Railroad Company, though he signed the report of sales, never did purchase the property and never was financially able to do so.

He testified that Taylor and Gilmor called on him and that Gilmor stated that “ they desired me to take charge of some property which they wished to deed to me, and desired me to hold it until such time as they should ask for a re-transfer, and I think Winfield Taylor remarked to me that it was a large purchase. I at once said to him, ‘ I am not purchasing propertyhe said, ‘ all right, Blick, the purchase money will be provided and you can just take the deed of this property, which will not involve you in any way, and it will be an accommodation to the company, they will make all the payments ; as an employee, of course, I felt disposed to accommodate them, and I remarked to them at the time, ‘ Gentlemen, this property is an elephant, and I do not buy any elephants. They said that was all right, and I took the property with the understanding that I was to deed it to them whenever they wished. I told them the only trouble was that in the event of my death they might get tied up in some way.” Further on he was asked, “was it ever intended between you and Hauseman and Taylor and Gilmor that you should pay the amount of money which you undertook to pay by this con ⁴⁴⁰ tract?” And he answered, “ On the contrary, they assured me that I should not pay it, and should not be required to pay it.” On the ninth day of April, 1891, Taylor conveyed this property to Blick, and in the deed stated that " Blick hath fully paid the purchase money agreed by him to be paid.” This statement was absolutely without foundation.

It was never intended that Blick should pay, and in point of fact he never did pay a single cent of purchase money. On April the twenty-fifth, Blick, at the request of the real purchasers, conveyed a portion of the property pretended to have been sold to him, to Moses H. Hauseman, the general solicitor of the Terminal Company, for the expressed consideration of five dollars and other good and valuable considerations ; and on the seventh of September following, Blick conveyed to the same grantee others of said lots for a like expressed consideration; and on the same date he conveyed to the Baltimore and Lehigh Railroad Company, of which Gilmor was president, the residue of the property so purporting to have been bought from Taylor. The consideration mentioned in the deed to the Lehigh Railroad Company was thirteen thousand seven hundred and twenty-three dollars. Not one cent of this sum ever went into the hands of Blick.

On the sixth of April the trustee procured an auditor’s report to be ratified.. In that report he was charged with the whole pretended purchase money, viz., $121,012.33, when in fact he had received none of it. He was allowed $9,680.98 commissions, as though he had collected the entire proceeds of sale ; and the net balance was distributed in partial payment of the claims filed by Moses H. Hauseman, the Maryland Central Railroad Company (the predecessor of the Baltimore and Lehigh) and Winfield J. Taylor. These three were all the creditors of the Terminal Company.

These claims are said to constitute the considerations for the subsequent conveyance made by Blick; and this audit is said to demonstrate that the Terminal Company was insolvent. Without making particular allusion to the conveyances which followed, it is sufficient to say that ⁴⁴¹ this property, which is called in the prospectus the terminal property, got into the hands of the very parties who, under antecedent contracts, were designed ultimately to acquire it. The trustee, whilst having full commissions allowed to himself so as to indicate an apparent insolvency of the Terminal Company, did not claim and was not paid his commissions and his audited fee, but only about one thousand dollars, or less than one-tenth of the whole. Upon the basis that he received only about one thousand dollars, the Terminal Company could have paid in full the three claims filed against it and would not have shown an apparent insolvency.

Thus by the acts of the trustee the assets of the company were gotten rid of; its property was sold under a purely fictitious sale, and eventually got into the hands of parties who were designed to have it; and the trustee deliberately relinquished his commissions because, as he says, he thought the parties interested would make this up to him in some other way. It is simply impossible, on looking dispassionately into these occurrences and tracing them back to their origin, to avoid the conclusion that the results reached were the identical results, intended to be reached when the resolution to appoint a trustee was adopted; and it is equally impossible to hold that these results could have been brought about as originally designed to be accomplished, without the active and willing co-operation and assent of the trustee. Circuit Court No. 2 was misled into ratifying a sale, which, instead of being a sale in fact, was a mere sham ; and this the trustee knew and was instrumental in having done. If he imposed upon the Court he could not have been acting innocently ; and as the ultimate outcome of all that he did was to bring to pass, under the outward forms and semblance of law, precisely the things which the directors by their prior determination intended should be done and done through the instrumentality of a trustee, his intent — the color and character of his intent — in doing what he did cannot be mistaken.

He was obviously a perfectly willing ⁴⁴² instrument to put into the shape and appearance intended the plan or scheme agreed upon. On no other