Mercer v. State

OprENHEiMBR, J., delivered the opinion of the Court. This is an appeal from judgments of conviction on various counts of two indictments tried together in the Circuit Court for Prince George’s County before Judge Parker sitting without a jury. Each indictment was for housebreaking, larceny and receiving goods. In trial #5033 appellant was found guilty under the first and second counts of the indictment charging, respectively, breaking into a dwelling house with intent to commit a felony and feloniously stealing goods of the value of $100 or more.

The sentence as to each conviction under this indictment was five years in the Penitentiary, the sentences to run concurrently. In trial #5034, the appellant was found guilty under the first count charging breaking into a dwelling house with intent to commit a felony but motions for acquittal were granted as to the other counts. The appellant was sentenced to a term of eight years in the Penitentiary on his conviction under the first count of trial #5034, the sentence to run concurrently with the sentences imposed in trial #5033. The appellant contends, inter alia: (1) that certain items of physical evidence were obtained as the result of an unlawful search and seizure; (2) that statements in the nature of a confession had been obtained from him through the unlawful use of force and were illegally admitted into evidence; (3) that the television set, of whose theft the appellant was convicted under the second count of trial #5033, was not proved to have a value of $100; (4) that there was a denial of due process in the failure of the court to appoint counsel for the appellant at the preliminary hearing; and (5) that the trial court was in error in finding the appellant guilty under the first count of trial #5034 while finding him not guilty under the second count of the same indictment.

We shall consider the appellant’s contentions in the order named. I On April 2, 1964, Prince George’s County police had re ⁴⁸² ceived information that a 1956 green Ford station wagon with a specified tag number had been used in the perpetration of house breakings and grand larcencies in the county and that the vehicle was driven by two white males. The details were placed on the “look-out list” by the county police. On the same day, Sergeant Rainey, who was aware of the list, was advised that the described vehicle was at a specific location.

It is not clear from the testimony whether Sergeant Rainey was aware that the “look-out list” charged grand larceny. Sergeant Rainey proceeded to the indicated location and, on his arrival, observed two white males, one of whom was the appellant, walking towards the vehicle described on the list. When they entered the vehicle, Sergeant Rainey ordered them out and placed them under arrest. In response to a radio call from Sergeant Rainey, Sergeant Salter arrived on the scene a few minutes later and told the appellant and his companion that they were under arrest in connection with the breaking and entering of apartments and grand larceny.

There had been no search of the vehicle or any evidence seized or any statements given before Sergeant Salter arrived. Sergeant Salter testified that he asked the appellant’s permission to look into the vehicle and that the appellant told him to go ahead. Search of the vehicle produced identification cards and some bent and crimped plastic playing cards. Similar playing cards from the same deck were found on the person of the appellant’s companion.

There is an intimation in the testimony that the playing cards were used in breaking into the apartments. The appellant contends that he was arrested by Sergeant Rainey only for house breaking, which is a misdemeanor, and therefore that the arrest and the subsequent search based thereon were illegal. An officer may not lawfully arrest, without a warrant, for a misdemeanor committed out of his presence, Le Faivre v. State, 208 Md. 52 , 116 A. 2d 368 (1955), and evidence seized in a search based on such an arrest is inadmissible. Robinson v. State, 229 Md. 503 , 184 A. 2d 814 (1963).

However, there can be a legal arrest without a warrant for a felony when the arresting officer has reasonable grounds to believe that a felony has been committed and that the person arrested has committed it. Cannon v. State, 235 Md. 133 , 200 A. 2d 919 ⁴⁸³ (1964) and Braxton v. State, 234 Md. 1 , 197 A. 2d 841 (1964) and cases therein cited. Information placed on a “look-out list” prepared by a police organization of which the arresting officer is a part may constitute probable cause for the arrest. Farrow v. State, 233 Md. 526, 531-532 , 197 A. 2d 434 (1964).

Assuming, without deciding, that the arrest by Sergeant Rainey was illegal on the ground that he did not have reasonable cause to believe that a felony had been committed, the arrest by Sergeant Salter shortly thereafter, on the uncontradicted facts, was clearly legal. Sergeant Salter had reasonable cause to believe a felony had been committed and that the appellant was one of those who had committed it. Even if the initial arrest was unlawful, the subsequent arrest, if as here found, based upon probable cause, is sufficient to support a subsequent search. Carter v. State, 236 Md. 450 , 204 A. 2d 322 (1964).

In this case, as in Carter , no statement had been made or evidence seized between the first and second arrests. The physical evidence obtained after the second arrest was properly admitted. II The appellant testified that the oral confessions made after his arrest were not voluntary but were the result of force used upon him by two of the interrogating officers. He testified that Detective Montgomery “smacked him in the mouth” and that Detective Clements