Merlands Club, Inc. v. Messall

Barnes, J., delivered the opinion of the Court. The appellees, who were plaintiffs below in an action at law in the Circuit Court for Caroline County, have filed a motion to dismiss the appeal in this case pursuant to Maryland Rule 835, on the ground that the order of appeal was prematurely filed and there was no order to appeal filed within thirty days from the date of final judgment as required by Maryland Rule 812. We are of the opinion that the motion to dismiss must be granted. In an action of ejectment, the plaintiffs sued Merlands Club, Inc., the appellant, to recover the possession of certain land called “The Merlands” and to recover damages for its wrongful detention.

After a trial on the merits before the court sitting without a jury, Chief Judge Carter signed an order in which he 1) adjudged that the defendant, Merlands Club, Inc., had wrongfully ejected the plaintiff from and was in wrongful possession of the premises described in the declaration; 2) assessed the plaintiff’s damages at $34,484.00; and 3) gave the basis on which the court arrived at that amount. He stated in the order, “A written opinion in support of the Order will be filed.” On July 24, 1964 the order of the court was filed with the clerk and was entered on the docket as a judgment nisi, in ac- ³⁶¹ cor dance with Maryland Rule 564 b 1. The relevant docket entries are as follows: “1964 July 24 ‘Order of Court finding Merlands Club, Inc. guilty of trespass and ejectment from April 1, 1963, to present time, damages in favor of the Plaintiffs against the Defendant for $34,484.00 because of said trespass and ejectment, that damages caused by deterioration are allowable since April 1, 1963, but that there is no proper basis upon which this element of damages can be divided as of April 1, 1963, and is, therefore, not here allowed, fd.’ “1964 July 24 ‘Judgment Nisi on the verdict.’ “1964 July 27 ‘Order for Appeal fd.’ “1964 July 28 ‘Judgment absolute on the verdict in favor of Plaintiffs against the Defendant.’ ” The order of appeal, filed on July 27, 1964 prior to the entry of judgment absolute states : “Dear Mr. Clerk: Please enter an appeal to the Court of Appeals on behalf of Merlands Club, Inc., defendant in the above listed action, from an Order of this Court, dated July 24, 1964, granting judgment on behalf of the plaintiffs herein in a suit for ejectment.” There was no order of appeal entered within 30 days after July 28, 1964, the date the judgment absolute was entered. Maryland Rule 812 is mandatory and states in relevant part: “Whenever an appeal to this Court * * * is permitted by law, the order for appeal * * * shall be filed within thirty days from the date of the judgment appealed from* * *.

(Emphasis supplied). The appeal may only be taken from a final judgment. See Middleman v. Md. Nat. Commission, 232 Md. 285 , 192 A. 2d 782 (1963) ; Milio v. Bar Association, 227 Md. 527 , 177 A. 2d 871 (1962); Eisel v. Howell, 220 Md. 584 , 155 A. 2d 509 (1959).

See also State v. Harman, 199 Md. 209 , 86 A. 2d 397 (1952) and Bonner v. Celanese Corporation, 193 Md. 132 , 66 A. 2d 401 (1949). ³⁶² Maryland Rule 564 b 1 provides : “Where an action at law is tried upon the facts by the court, the court shall direct judgment nisi to be entered upon the law and the evidence.” This portion of Rule 564 was amended to its present form in 1957, to make the practice at law in regard to the entry of judgment by the court sitting without a jury the same as the practice of entering judgment upon a verdict of a jury. See Baltimore Luggage Company v. Ligon, 208 Md. 406 , 118 A. 2d 665 (1955). Prior to the amendment of Rule 564, an absolute judgment was entered immediately upon the announcement of the court’s “verdict” when sitting without a jury and upon the rendition of special verdicts by a jury, Baltimore Luggage Company v. Ligon, supra. After the amendment, when the facts of the case are tried by the court sitting without a jury, the clerk enters up a judgment nisi, which act is analogous to the entry of a verdict when the facts of the case are tried by a jury.

The principal purpose of the entry of a judgment nisi is to enable an aggrieved party to file a motion for a new trial within three days from the rendition of the verdict or judgment nisi. Maryland Rule 567 a provides: “A motion for a new trial shall be filed within three days after the reception of a verdict, or in case of a special verdict or a trial by the court within three days after the entry of a judgment nisi.” (Emphasis supplied). Rule 567 e provides : “If a motion for a new trial be not made, within the time prescribed by section a of this Rule, the Clerk shall enter a final judgment as of course.” (Emphasis supplied). It is well settled that in an action at law tried by the court, the judgment absolute is entered a) within 3 days after the judgment nisi has been