Smith v. Jones

Oppenheimer, J., delivered the opinion of the Court. In this appeal from a judgment for the appellee (the defendant below) in a personal injury action brought by a pedestrian and her husband in the Circuit Court for Prince George’s County, the only question is whether a paper was properly admitted in evidence. The accident occurred in Washington, D. C. on August 31, 1962, at about 8.30 A.M. Construction was under way in the area, and at the trial an important question of fact on the issue of contributory negligence was whether, at the time of the accident, a sign was posted by the District Department of Highways and Traffic bearing the instruction “Pedestrians use West Sidewalk.” The appellant, Mrs. Smith, crossed the intersection on the east crosswalk and was hit by a truck owned by the appellee. She did not remember seeing any sign directing the use of the west sidewalk, although a witness called by the appellee, after some uncertainty, testified to its presence.

The paper here involved, the letter of Mr. Parlón, dated September 10, 1962, was procured by one of the appellee’s attorneys on the morning of the trial. Objection to its introduction was duly made and overruled. The letter is as follows: ³⁰⁷ “GOVERNMENT OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF HIGHWAYS Electrical Division Washington 1, D. C. September 10, 1963 TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: This is to certify that I, Mr. Joseph P. Parlón in my official capacity of General Foreman District of Columbia Sign Shop has charge of and custody of the records, daily work sheets, memoranda and similar records that indicate that various locations of controlling traffic and street signs and the dates during which the signs are operative. On the basis of these records I can state that as of August 8th 1962 through June 1963 there were posted at the Northeast and Southeast corners of the intersection of 19th and E. Streets, N.W. two official traffic signs bearing the instructions ‘Pedestrians use West Crosswalk’.

Attached hereto is a diagram which indicates the exact locations of the above mentioned signs. I hereby affix my personal signature having read the above and found it to be accurate. /s/ Joseph P. Parlón General Foreman Witnessed by /s/ Melvin B. Sansbury Witnessed by /s/ John A. Oliphant” Attached to Mr. Parlon’s letter was a copy of a diagram of the intersection. On the face of the diagram there is an order from the Department of Highways and Traffic to the Traffic and Electrical Services Division, Traffic Services Section, to paint the crosswalks and install “Pedestrians Use West Crosswalk” signs at the “N. E.” and “S. E.” corners. The date of the request is given as “8-3-62”.

Stamped on the diagram are the words “Received Traffic Section, Aug. 7, 1962”. At the bottom of the diagram there is a space entitled “Date Completed”. ³⁰⁸ Over these printed words there is written in ink “8-8-62 Signs”. Below that space there is written, in pencil, evidently in another hand, “8/31/62”, with initials. After the appellants’ objection had been overruled, the letter and the attached diagram were read to the jury.

In his instructions to the jury on contributory negligence, the trial court told them that, if they found the sign was present at the time of the accident, they would have to decide if Mrs. Smith had been negligent. In this connection, the court referred to the “report as introduced here as an exhibit”. After a verdict had been given for the appellee, a motion for a new trial was made on the basis of the admission of the evidence in question, and overruled. Section 40, Article 35, Code (1957), relied upon by the appellee, reads as follows: “The copy of the record or register of any deed or other instrument of writing which the laws of the state or country where the same may be executed require to be recorded or registered and which has been recorded agreeably to such laws, under the hand of the keeper of such record or register and the seal of the court or office in which such record or register has been made, or a copy of any deed or other instrument of writing lodged for safekeeping in any office or court agreeably to the laws of the state or country as aforesaid and certified as aforesaid shall be good and sufficient evidence in any court of this State to prove such deed or instrument of writing.” In the appellants’ brief, it is contended, inter alia, that neither the paper nor the diagram had any official seal of the office in which the records were kept (there is a printed seal of the District of Columbia on the letterhead of Mr. Parlon’s letter of September 10th) and that they were not properly certified at the trial by any authorized official of the District of Columbia.

In the argument, however, these points were abandoned. The only contention of the appellants before us is that Mr. Parlon’s letter of September 10th was improperly admitted and was prejudicial. Under these circumstances, we confine ³⁰⁹ our consideration of the case to the admissibility of the letter. See Howard County v. Leaf, 177 Md. 82, 85 , 8 A. 2d 756, 757 (1939).

The appellants conceded in argument that the diagram would have been admissible by itself. There is an ambiguity in the diagram as to the date of completion of the erection of the signs. If the later date of August 31, the date of the accident, is correct, the diagram does not show the time of completion. The accident took place at about 8:30 A.M. If only the diagram had been admitted, any ambiguities it contained would have been questions for the jury’s consideration.

Capitol Traction Co. v. McKeon, 132 Md. 79, 86 , 103 Atl. 314, 316 (1918). The question before us, however, goes to the admissibility of the letter to which this diagram was attached. Mr. Parlón is the general foreman of the sign shop. His letter stated in response to the inquiry put to him that on the basis of the records, daily work sheets, memoranda and similar records in his charge “I can state that as of August 8, 1962 through June 1963” the traffic signs in question were posted.

The only record, work sheet or memorandum attached to the letter is the diagram, which, Mr. Parlón states, “indicates the exact locations” of the signs. It is evident that Mr. Parlón, in reaching the conclusion set forth in his letter, was relying on departmental data in addition to the diagram. Conclusions or opinions as to the