Herrera v. Maryland

PER CURIAM. On May 14, 1987, in the Circuit Court for Anne Arundel County, Peter P. Herrera pled guilty to first degree murder and certain lesser offenses. He was sentenced to life imprisonment on July 30, 1987. Under the law, he was eligible for ¹⁸⁷ parole after serving 15 years or the equivalent of 15 years considering the allowances for diminution of an inmate’s term.

A Parole Commission recommendation in favor of parole would be subject to the Governor’s approval. Within 90 days of his sentence, Herrera filed a motion under Maryland Rule 4-345(b) for modification or reduction of his sentence. 1 No action on this motion was taken for over 10 years. Finally, on December 15, 1997, a hearing on the motion was held. The Circuit Court for Anne Arundel County denied the motion on January 19,1998.

Herrera took a timely appeal from the denial of the motion, and, before any proceedings in the Court of Special Appeals, this Court issued a writ of certiorari. Herrera v. State, 350 Md. 279 , 711 A.2d 871 (1998). Herrera argues that certain actions by the Commissioner of Correction, the Maryland Parole Commission, and the Governor have effectively changed his sentence of life imprisonment to a sentence of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole, and that such change violates the ex post facto clauses of the federal and state constitutions. See Article 1, § 10, cl. 1, of the Constitution of the United States, and Article 17 of the Maryland Declaration of Rights.

The challenged acts by the Parole Commission and the Commissioner of Correction were as follows. It was the policy of the Parole Commission and the Commissioner that an inmate was required to complete a program of work release and family visitation before being paroled or recommended for ¹⁸⁸ parole. The Commissioner of Correction in December 1994 directed that any inmate serving a life sentence should not be confined below medium security, which meant that such an inmate was not eligible for a work release program or family visitation. Consequently, an inmate serving a life sentence would not be considered for parole.

As we discussed in State v. Kanaras, 357 Md. 170 , 742 A.2d 508 (1999), which was filed today, the United States District Court for the District of Maryland, in Knox v. Lanham, 895 F.Supp. 750 (D.Md.1995), aff'd, 76 F.3d 377 (4th Cir.1996), ordered the Parole Commission and the Commissioner of Correction to adopt a program so that inmates, who are sentenced to life imprisonment with eligibility for parole, are given parole consideration. The action by the Governor, of which Herrera complains, is that the Governor in 1995 announced guidelines which he would use in determining whether he would approve parole for inmates serving life sentences. The Governor stated that he would not approve parole for any inmates sentenced to life imprisonment unless