In Re Legislative Districting of the State

ORDER The legislative districting plan submitted by the Governor of Maryland to the General Assembly of Maryland, setting forth the boundaries of the legislative districts for the election of members of the Senate and House of Delegates, required by § 5 of Article III of the Constitution of Maryland to be prepared following each decennial census of the United States, having become law on February 24, 1973, as Joint Resolution 1 of the Senate and Joint Resolution 2 of the House of Delegates (hereinafter referred to as the Governor’s Plan); and The Governor’s Plan having provided, in accordance with, and in implementation of, §§ 2 and 3 of Article III of the Constitution of Maryland, that the State of Maryland be ³²¹ divided into forty-seven Districts for the election of members of the General Assembly, that each legislative district elect one Senator and three Delegates, that each legislative district may be subdivided into three whole Delegate subdistricts or one whole Delegate subdistrict and one multi-member Delegate subdistrict; and that in any legislative district which contains more than two counties or parts of more than two counties, and where Delegates are to be elected at large by the voters of the entire district, no county, or part of a county, shall have more than one Delegate residing in it; and It being mandated by § 4 of Article III of the Constitution of Maryland that each legislative district “shall consist of adjoining territory, be compact in form ... of substantially equal population . . . [and that] [d]ue regard shall be given to natural boundaries and the boundaries of political subdivisions” ; and It being mandated by § 5 of Article III of the Constitution of Maryland that the Governor of Maryland, prior to submitting his legislative districting plan to the General Assembly, shall conduct public hearings; and It also being provided by § 5 of Article III of the Constitution of Maryland that the Court of Appeals, upon petition of any registered voter in this State, is vested with original jurisdiction “to review the legislative districting of the State and . . . [to] grant appropriate relief, if it finds that the districting of the State is not consistent with requirements of either the Constitution of the United States of America, or the Constitution of Maryland” ; and The petitioners in these cases, all registered voters of the State, having challenged the constitutionality of the Governor’s Plan, by collectively asserting, in designated particulars, that (a) certain of the Districts were not compact in form; (b) that due regard was not given to certain natural boundaries and to the boundaries of designated political subdivisions; (c) that the Governor’s Plan constituted a deprivation of the equal protection of the laws in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment to the federal constitution; and (d) that the Governor’s Plan was invalid ³²² for failure to comply with the requirement of § 5 that “public hearings” be held prior to preparation of the Plan and submission to the General Assembly; and The Court having concluded, by Order dated July 31, 1973, that the Governor’s Plan was not validly promulgated and adopted for lack of compliance with the requirement of § 5 of Article III of the Constitution of Maryland that “public hearings” be held prior to preparation of the Governor’s legislative districting plan; and The Governor’s Plan having thus been invalidated and the Court by its Order of July 31, 1973, having determined to exercise its constitutional authority under § 5 to “grant appropriate relief” in these proceedings; and The Court, by its Order of July 31, 1973, having adopted the Governor’s Plan as the plan setting forth the proposed boundaries of the legislative districts for the election of members of the Senate and House of Delegates, subject to cause to the contrary being shown as provided in said Order; and The Court having directed that public hearings be held before a Special Master to permit members of the general public to provide pertinent and relevant information in these proceedings; and The Court having further directed that any registered voter of this State, in addition to the petitioners in these proceedings, who desired to show cause why the Governor’s Plan, or any part thereof, should not be duly adopted as the final legislative districting plan, should formally intervene and present his objections to the Plan on or before September 30,1973; and Public hearings having been conducted by the Special Master on September 10, 1973, and October 17, 1973, and additional parties having formally intervened in the proceedings prior to September 30, 1973; and The Special Master having reviewed the Governor’s Plan in the context of the complaints filed against it, together with the pleadings, the arguments of counsel on various motions for summary judgments, the stipulations, the ³²³ answers to requests for admissions, and the information and data provided by those at the hearings of September 10 and October 17, 1973; and The Special Master having filed a “Tentative Report and Preliminary Recommendations” with the Court on December 4, 1973, setting forth his views with respect to the law governing the proceedings, the limited role to be exercised by the Court of Appeals in reviewing complaints of unconstitutionality of the Governor’s Plan, and his tentative recommendations for the redistricting of the legislative districts challenged by the petitioners on constitutional grounds; and The Special Master having thereafter invited exceptions to his tentative and preliminary recommendations and having held a hearing in connection therewith on December 19, 1973, and having heard arguments on said date by counsel for the petitioners in these cases; and The Special Master having thereafter invited views of any registered voter of the State who desired to present information or data in support of, or in opposition to, the legislative districting set forth in the Governor’s Plan, and in the tentative plan submitted by the Special Master, such information and data to be submitted in writing to the Special Master on or before January 4, 1974; and The Special Master having considered all such information and data, together with the exceptions taken to his tentative recommendations, and arguments of counsel, and having filed a Final Report with the Court on January 24, 1974, setting forth his recommendations for a final legislative districting plan; and The Court, by Order dated January 25, 1974, having directed all parties in the proceedings, and amici curiae appearing in the cases, to present reasons in support of, or opposition to, the adoption by the Court of the final legislative districting plan submitted by the Special Master, and having ordered oral arguments to be held before it on March 5 and 6,1974; and Counsel representing the petitioners in these cases and amici curiae having filed briefs with the Court and having ³²⁴ presented oral argument in support of their respective positions, the Attorney General of Maryland having filed briefs and presented oral argument in support of the legislative districts set forth in the Governor’s Plan, the Court having considered all such briefs and arguments and the Special Master’s Tentative Findings and Recommendations and his Final Report, and the Court having concluded that incorporated municipalities are political subdivisions within the contemplation of § 4 of Article III of the Constitution of Maryland, hereby promulgates and adopts the following legislative districting plan for this State: GENERAL PROVISIONS (A) The State of Maryland is divided into forty-seven Districts for the election of members of the General Assembly of Maryland. (B) Each legislative district shall elect one Senator and three Delegates. (C) Each legislative district may be subdivided into three whole Delegate subdistricts or one whole Delegate subdistrict and one multi-member Delegate subdistrict. (D) In any legislative district which contains more than two counties or parts of more than two counties, and where Delegates are to be elected at large by the voters of the entire district, no county, or part of a county, shall have more than one Delegate residing in it.

(E) The descriptions of the legislative districts set forth herein, including all references to election districts, wards, precincts, streets, highways and other designations, are to the geographical boundaries thereof as they existed on March 15,1974. COMPOSITION OF LEGISLATIVE DISTRICTS The composition of the forty-seven legislative districts shall be as follows: (A) Legislative District 1 shall consist of the following areas: All of Garrett County, and Election Districts 5, 6, 7, 8, ³²⁵ 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34, and 35 of Allegany County; and shall be subdivided into Subdistricts 1A and IB. Subdistrict 1A shall elect one Delegate and shall consist of the following areas: All of Garrett County, and Election Districts 9, 10, 15, 18,19, 25, and 27 of Allegany County. Subdistrict IB shall elect two Delegates and shall consist of the following areas of Allegany County: Election Districts 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 20, 22, 23, 24^ 26, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34, and 35.

(B) Legislative District 2 shall consist of the following areas: Election Districts 1, 2, 3, 4, 16, 21, and 33 of Allegany County, and Election Districts 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 12, 15, 17, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, and 26 of Washington County; and shall be subdivided into Subdistricts 2A, 2B, and 2C. Subdistrict 2A shall elect one Delegate and shall consist of the following areas: Election Districts 1, 2, 3, 4, 16, 21, and 33 of Allegany County, and Election Districts 4, 5, 15, and 23 of Washington County. Subdistrict 2B shall elect one Delegate and shall consist of the following areas of Washington County: Election Districts 2, 10, 12, 17, 20, and 26 in their entirety; and Precinct 3 of Election District 22. Subdistrict 2C shall elect one Delegate and shall consist of the following areas of Washington County: Election Districts 3, 21, 24, and 25 in their entirety, and Precincts 1 and 2 of Election District 22.

(C) Legislative District 3 shall consist of the following areas: Election Districts 1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 16,18, 19, and 27 of Washington County, and Election Districts 2, 3, 6, 10, 15, 16, 20, 21, 22, 23, and 24 of Frederick County; and shall be subdivided into Subdistricts 3A and 3B. Subdistrict 3A shall elect one Delegate and shall consist of the following areas of Washington County: Election Districts 1, 6, 8, 9, 11, 13, 16, 18, 19, and 27. Subdistrict 3B shall elect two Delegates and shall consist of the following areas: Election Districts 7 and 14 of Washington County, and Election Districts 2, 3, 6, 10, 15, 16, 20, 21, 22, 23, and 24 of Frederick County. (D) Legislative District 4 shall consist of the following areas: Election Districts 1, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 25, and 26 of Frederick County, and Election Districts 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 of Carroll County; and shall ³²⁶ be subdivided into Subdistricts 4A and 4B.

Subdistrict 4A shall elect one Delegate and shall consist of the following areas of Frederick County: Election Districts 1, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 25, and 26. Subdistrict 4B shall elect two Delegates and shall consist of the following areas: Election Districts 4 and 5 of Frederick County, and Election Districts 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9,10, 11,12, 13, and 14 of Carroll County. (E) Legislative District 5 shall consist of the following areas: Election Districts 4, 6, and 8 of Carroll County; Election Districts 4 and 5 of Harford County in their entirety; Precincts 3, 4, and 5 of Election District 3 of Harford County; Election Districts 5, 6, 7, and 10 of Baltimore County in their entirety; Precinct 9 of Election District 4 of Baltimore County; Precincts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 16, and 17 of Election District 8 of Baltimore County; and Precinct 20 of Election District 9 of Baltimore County; and shall be subdivided into Subdistricts 5A and 5B. Subdistrict 5A shall elect one Delegate and shall consist of the following areas of Harford County: Election District 5 in its entirety; Precincts 3, 4, and 5 of Election District 3; and Precincts 1 and 2 of Election District 4.

Subdistrict 5B shall elect two Delegates and shall consist of the following areas: Election Districts 4, 6, and 8 of Carroll County; Precinct 3 of Election District 4 of Harford County; Election Districts 5, 6, 7, and 10 of Baltimore County in their entirety; Precinct 9 of Election District 4 of Baltimore County; Precincts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 16, and 17 of Election District 8 of Baltimore County; and Precinct 20 of Election District 9 of Baltimore County. (F) Legislative District 6 shall consist of the following areas of Harford County: Election Districts 1, 2, and 6 in their entirety, and Precincts 1, 1A, IB, 1C, and 2 of Election District 3. Legislative District 6 shall elect three Delegates at large. (G) Legislative District 7 shall consist of the following areas of Baltimore County: Precincts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 15, 16, and 17 of Election District 11; and Precincts 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 24, 26, 27, and 28 of Election District 15.

Legislative District 7 shall elect three Delegates at large. ³²⁷ (H) Legislative District 8 shall consist of the following areas of Baltimore County: Election District 12 in its entirety; and Precincts 1 and 32 of Election District 15. Legislative District 8 shall elect three Delegates at large. (I) Legislative District 9 shall consist of the following areas of Baltimore County: Election District 14 in its entirety; Precincts 45, 51, 52, 53, and 54 of Election District 9; Precincts 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 of Election District 11; and Precincts 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 29, 30, 31, 33, 35, and 36 of Election District 15. Legislative District 9 shall elect three Delegates at large.

(J) Legislative District 10 shall consist of the following areas of Baltimore County: Precincts 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 49, and 50 of Election District 9. Legislative District 10 shall elect three Delegates at large. (K) Legislative District 11 shall consist of the following areas of Baltimore County: Precincts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 19, and 32 of Election District 1; Precincts 3, 11, 20, and 21 of Election District 2; Precinct 18 of Election District 3; Precincts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 of Election District 4; Precincts 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 of Election District 8; and Precincts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 19 of Election District 9. Legislative District 11 shall elect three Delegates at large.

(L) Legislative District 12 shall consist of the following areas of Baltimore County: Precincts 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 22 of Election District 2; and Precincts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17 of Election District 3. Legislative District 12 shall elect three Delegates at large. (M) Legislative District 13 shall consist of the following areas of Baltimore County: Election District 13 in its entirety; and Precincts 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, and